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Nature says so!ZZZ( And the opposite view?0Relativism! All things are relative to each other  but more of that a little later. . .ZZZ0 Back to absolutism<AMoral absolutism is often identified as a DEONTOLOGICAL approach XB*c6 g63 c6C6  DEONTOLOGY.  cBCBhThe conviction that certain things always ought to be done and others that always ought not to be done. i#c, g,c,c,g,c,g,c,g,c, c,!   For example  BAlways tell the truth No matter what the consequences may be for you, your street cred, or the Jews you are hiding from the Nazis:ZlZ,l,R,  For example  BuNever kill another human being Even if it is in self-defence, they are terminally ill, a foetus or you are a soldier BW(U((  DEONTOLOGY  cBGThe deontological view is that certain things are right in themselves NH3g6g6e  DEONTOLOGY  cBLIn other words They have a value in themselves just because of what they are<Z>Z6>6  DEONTOLOGY  cBWAbsolute statements therefore have an INTRINSIC WORTH The value is found within itself@X'00!0 DEONTOLOGY  cBThings are right  irrespective of the outcome or the consequences of the actionZQZ'666 66 DEONTOLOGY  cB HOWEVER4`3 DEONTOLOGY  cBWhile some deontologists hold that it is wrong to kill, there may be CIRCUMSTANCES where killing would be justified (although no less wrong)XEc( g(9c(C( DEONTOLOGY  cB5Such as War Self-defence or even Capital Punishmentx $,3 ,,3 DEONTOLOGY  cB On the other hand2H DEONTOLOGY  cB9An absolutist would not be able to make such a compromisep:ZcB gBgB+cBCB DEONTOLOGY  cBNFor an absolutist, killing is always wrong There are absolutely NO exceptionsT+#A(( (Religious EthicsB33KFor many people, absolutism correspond with traditional religious morality nLc0 g0c0g0C0Religious EthicsB33 GOD says = We DO@6 66Religious EthicsB33nReligious ethics are  guaranteed by divine authority j8c< g<c<g<!Religious EthicsB33]God says something is right or wrong, and so it is We just get on and do it (or not do it!)6^2c(),Religious EthicsB33Traditional religious ethics have codes of law Such as the Jewish Torah (Law) the Decalogue (Ten Commandments) The Sermon on the Mount 0ZZRZ"c$ g$c$g$ c$ g$c$g$C$Religious EthicsB33tThese codes or laws derive their authority from God and their authority is unquestionable because of that reason h5?3c(a=c(C(4@Problems  H, Euthyphro s Dilemma F &6f6f   &Euthyphro s Dilemma&6f  ^Is a thing  good because the gods command it? 80.gHGH!&Euthyphro s Dilemma&6f   OR2u"&Euthyphro s Dilemma&6f  +Do the gods command it because it is good? :,Z*gHGH#&Euthyphro s Dilemma&6f  Is a thing  good because the gods command it? If God s laws are absolute why does He not command things that are  bad ? <{Z0g$Kg0$ &Euthyphro s Dilemma&6f  oDo the gods command it because it is good? Socrates argued that God commands us to do good because it is good hpZ,g$;g6g6g6%!&Euthyphro s Dilemma&6f  Do the gods command it because it is good? This assumes that  good is independent of God P\,g$.g<g$&"&Euthyphro s Dilemma&6f  fDo the gods command it because it is good? Therefore, God is not the source of standards of morality Pg,g$9g6g$'#&Euthyphro s Dilemma&6f  Counter arguments: goodness is something intrinsic to God He is  loving-kindness there is no conflict God is good pd+",",.",",",($&Euthyphro s Dilemma&6f  It assumes that God will always issue  good commands God is good implies that He can only do  good thingsh6ZZ6Z5g,G,6,)%&Euthyphro s Dilemma&6f   More problems It assumes that we can easily interpret the commands that are contained within the  Word of God (i.e. the Scriptures). F,w',,*&&Euthyphro s Dilemma&6f  JBUT Who decides what is the true interpretation? What if we get it wrong?.K,G,+'&Euthyphro s Dilemma&6f  <It sets God up in a benign tyranny Is God a good dictator? 6=;g0'0,(&Euthyphro s Dilemma&6f  TDo we have moral responsibility under such a system? What of freedom and freewill?8U4g(!G(-)Absolutist problems<kOn a purely practical level, there may be circumstances in which a moral absolute would appear compromised Xl*c, g,3c,C,.*Absolutist problems<Such as Abortion if the mother s life is at risk War Self-defence Euthanasia4 ZEZ (E(/+Absolutist problems<Moral absolutism appears to ignore the practical conditions  on the ground ,LKc6!0,Absolutist problems<dIt s too abstract for everyday life and situations"3Z3H1-Absolutist problems<It may be that a supposed moral absolute is observed with no regard to the  bigger picture in which even greater evils may be perpetrated. 0c,C,2.Absolutist problems<In face of modern criticisms or moral absolutism, it has been argued that a more flexible approach is needed, without compromising the absolute values being proposed. 2Zc,C,3/ BAnd that leads us neatly into Situation Ethics And Proportionalismt0<0<t ` zTщ@U[|3` 3wf33f` MMM` v'Hщ@q̙` N3fщ@q` Mj*ED%щ@y` F<)$щ@c=Nf>?" dd@,?Pd@ `F `<@l``7 n?" dd@   @@``PP   @ ` ` p>>  2(     s BCDEF@ ))( m"V_x~eF<m:}6O+ K~zuErIi(TX@`"0 j   4BCDEFy@ 11O8%. .:rT|k2Q mZPPX$Y2zt[tk$)UrUvR$wRoXO8dh@`" DTj   4B C DEF@ 11V VdubjC__}u}jardx  pjNdHT  T@ rEdh@`"uj   4B C DEFyd@ 11V VdubjC__}u}jardx  pjNdHT  T@ rEdh@`" ;C)   # tBiC)DE|F Xf>>(n^mW8@m GhGf) )+ihb#gG29Xf@D@`" kj   4B C DEFy@ 11V VdubjC__}u}jardx  pjNdHT  T@ rEdh@`"  vj   4B C DEFyd@ 11V VdubjC__}u}jardx  pjNdHT  T@ rEdh@`"3 i  s rBC DElFvd@ hVt"+PE a*`  +8 'V^{  8<@`"J   S bADC:\My Documents\bits\Facbanna.png"  6o "  T Click to edit Master title style! !$  0q " @  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     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